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Calculate your Debt-to-Income (DTI) ratio for mortgage qualification. See front-end and back-end ratios with lender limits by loan type.
Debt-to-income ratio is the percentage of your gross monthly income that goes toward paying monthly debt obligations. Lenders use DTI to evaluate your ability to manage mortgage payments.
Housing Only
All Debts
DTI Formulas
| Loan Type | Front-End | Back-End | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conventional | 28% | 36% | Standard limits |
| FHA | 31% | 43% | More flexible |
| VA | N/A | 41% | No front-end limit |
| USDA | 29% | 41% | Rural loans |
Formula
Front-End DTI = Housing Costs ÷ Gross Monthly Income × 100Front-End DTI = housing costs (PITI) as % of gross monthly income — lenders target ≤28%
Back-End DTI = all monthly debt payments as % of gross income — lenders target ≤36%
PITI = Principal, Interest, Taxes, and Insurance
Worked Example
$8,000 gross income, $1,800 mortgage + $300 tax + $150 insurance, $950 other debts
Did you know? Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac set the conventional back-end DTI limit at 36-45% depending on compensating factors. VA loans have no official front-end limit and allow back-end DTI up to 41% (and sometimes higher).
Sources
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