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Calculate growing season length and planting windows from USDA frost zone data.
The growing season is the number of frost-free days between the last spring frost and first fall frost, determined by USDA hardiness zone.
Formula
Growing Season = First Fall Frost Date − Last Spring Frost DateLast Spring Frost = Average date of the last freezing temperature in spring
First Fall Frost = Average date of the first freezing temperature in autumn
Worked Example
Zone 6 growing season
Did you know? Climate change has extended the average U.S. growing season by about 2 weeks since 1970, with some northern regions gaining up to 3 weeks (source: U.S. Global Change Research Program).
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Estimate frost dates by USDA zone with growing season and planting window calculations.