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Solve dilution problems using C₁V₁ = C₂V₂. Calculate initial/final concentration or volume for solution preparation in chemistry and biology labs.
Dilution is the process of reducing the concentration of a solution by adding more solvent. The dilution equation C₁V₁ = C₂V₂ relates initial and final concentrations and volumes.
V₁2 =
400
Formula
C₁ × V₁ = C₂ × V₂C₁ = Initial (stock) concentration
V₁ = Volume of stock solution needed
C₂ = Final (desired) concentration
V₂ = Final total volume of diluted solution
Worked Example
Dilute 1M stock to 0.25M in 400mL total
Did you know? Serial dilutions are the backbone of microbiology — a 1:10 serial dilution series is used to count bacterial colonies because undiluted samples contain too many organisms to count accurately (source: ASM – American Society for Microbiology).
Sources
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