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Analyze business cash inflows and outflows
A cash flow statement tracks the movement of cash in and out of a business across three activities—operating, investing, and financing—to determine net cash position and financial health.
Formula
Formula
FCF = Operating Cash Flow − Capital ExpendituresOperating CF = net income + depreciation ± changes in working capital
CapEx = capital expenditures — spending on long-term assets like equipment and property
Net Cash Flow = Operating CF + Investing CF + Financing CF = change in cash balance
Worked Example
$150,000 net income, $25,000 depreciation, −$50,000 CapEx, working capital changes −$7,000
Did you know? Warren Buffett places free cash flow above reported earnings because earnings can be manipulated through accounting choices, but cash in the bank cannot. He calls FCF 'owner earnings' in Berkshire Hathaway annual letters.
Sources
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